Results of the bm surveillance in cuba are presented in this paper. Introduction bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency, and immediate steps must be taken to establish the specific cause and initiate effective therapy. It can be treated with appropriate antibiotics that also prevents spread. Summary the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis has changed as a result of the widespread use of conjugate vaccines and preventive antimicrobial treatment of pregnant women. Meningitis bacteriana in the 86 th legislature, hb 3884 required dshs to create procedures for school districts to provide information relating to bacterial meningitis. In 20 meningitis resulted in 303,000 deaths down from 464,000 deaths in 1990. Pdf on jun 1, 2014, maria teresa rosanova and others published meningitis find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Listeria monocytogenes meningitis in an immunocompetent adult. This axial nonenhanced computed tomography scan shows mild ventriculomegaly and sulcal effacement. The objective of these practice guidelines is to provide clinicians with recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial meningitis. Communityacquired bacterial meningitis in adults nejm. Community acquired bacterial meningitis bm remains a serious threat to global health.
Meningitis bacteriana aguda revista medica clinica las. Nosocomial bacterial meningitis is most often related to either complicated head trauma or invasive procedures, such as craniotomy, placement of ventricular catheters, intrathecal infusion of medic. Bacterial meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, including the pia, arachnoid, and subarachnoid space, that occurs in response to infection with bacteria andor bacterial products. In 2010 it was estimated that meningitis resulted in 420,000 deaths, excluding cryptococcal meningitis. Clinical features alone cannot determine whether meningitis. This guideline covers recognising, diagnosing and managing bacterial meningitis and meningococcal septicaemia blood poisoning in babies, children and young people under 16. It aims to reduce deaths and disability by promoting early recognition of symptoms and timely effective management. Meningococcal meningitis world health organization. Meningitis is an infection of the meninges, the membrane covering the brain.
Management of bacterial meningitis clinical practice guideline local protocols are in place in all hospitals and facilities likely to be required to assess or manage paediatric patients with bacterial meningitis ensure that all staff treating paediatric patients are educated in the use of the locally developed paediatric protocols. Meningococcal meningitis is a bacterial form of meningitis. Meningococcal meningitis is associated with high fatality up to 50% when untreated and high frequency more than 10% of severe sequelae. Diagnosis, initial management, and prevention of meningitis. Meningitis is an acute inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges. Attributes of good guidelines include validity, reliability, reproducibility, clinical applicability, clinical flexibility, clarity, multidisciplinary process. Patients with bacterial meningitis are usually treated by primary care and emergency medicine physicians at the time of initial presentation, often in consultation with infectious diseases specialists, neurologists, and neurosurgeons. Streptococcus pneumoniae incidence fell from 08 per 100 000 people in 1997, to 03 per 100 000 people by the end of 2010 rr 03737, 95% ci 0182507656. Meningococcal meningitis is a bacterial form of meningitis, a serious infection of the thin lining that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site.
Clinical practice guideline summary clinical practice guidelines for the acute management of infants and children with bacterial meningitis. The mortality rate of untreated disease due to streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae approaches 100 percent, and even with optimal therapy, it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The changing pattern of bacterial meningitis in adult patients at a large tertiary university hospital in barcelona, spain 19822010. Bacterial meningitis can be caused by multiple organisms. Jul 16, 2019 meningitis is a clinical syndrome characterized by inflammation of the meninges. It is a serious condition that can be life threatening. The most common symptoms are fever, headache, and neck. Bacterial meningitis is very serious because its onset is rapid and the infection is associated with a significant risk of death.
A quick reference guide for health authorities and healthcare workers what is epidemic meningitis. Meningitis, inflammation of the meninges, the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. Duration of symptoms and outcome in bacterial meningitis. Naegleria fowleri is a freeliving ameba a singlecelled living organism that is too small to be seen without a microscope. Meningitis bacteriana pediatria meningitis inflamacion. In february 2015, reference to throat swabs was removed. Nov 01, 2004 the objective of these practice guidelines is to provide clinicians with recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial meningitis. Early antibiotic treatment is the most important measure to save.
Epidemiology, diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatment of. Although the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis is not completely understood, knowledge of bacterial invasion and entry into the cns is improving. It explains the initial assessment and management, the use of adjunctive corticosteroi. Meningitis bacteriana meningitis especialidades medicas.
Diagnosis, initial management, and prevention of meningitis david m. The image below depicts acute bacterial meningitis. Given the significant morbidity and mortality associated with bacterial meningitis. Meningitis can be caused by various infectious agents, including viruses, fungi, and protozoans, but bacteria produce the most lifethreatening forms. Meningitis bacteriana care guide information en espanol. Primary amebic meningoencephalitis pam is a rare brain infection that is usually fatal and caused by naegleria fowleri. Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. Cuban surveillance system for bm allowed to characterize the main epidemiological features of this group of diseases, as well as to assess the association of some variables with mortality. Over the past several decades, the incidence of bacterial meningitis in children has decreased but there remains a significant burden of disease in adults, with a mortality of up to 30%.
66 825 232 1328 1511 653 194 780 715 1301 1025 1295 1335 631 74 446 324 728 1418 1145 846 206 358 200 318 1158 881 229 1322 231